A feature called just-in-time (JIT) compiling enables all managed code to run in the native machine language of the system on which it's executing. Although the common language runtime provides many standard runtime services, managed code is never interpreted. The runtime is designed to enhance performance. Interoperability between managed and unmanaged code enables developers to continue to use necessary COM components and DLLs. While the runtime is designed for the software of the future, it also supports software of today and yesterday. NET Framework available to existing code written in that language, greatly easing the migration process for existing apps. Any compiler vendor who chooses to target the runtime can do so. For example, programmers write apps in their development language of choice yet take full advantage of the runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other developers. The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. This automatic memory management resolves the two most common app errors, memory leaks and invalid memory references. For example, the runtime automatically handles object layout and manages references to objects, releasing them when they are no longer being used. In addition, the managed environment of the runtime eliminates many common software issues. This means that managed code can consume other managed types and instances, while strictly enforcing type fidelity and type safety. The various Microsoft and third-party language compilers generate managed code that conforms to the CTS. The CTS ensures that all managed code is self-describing. The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a strict type-and-code-verification infrastructure called the common type system (CTS). This means that a managed component might or might not be able to perform file-access operations, registry-access operations, or other sensitive functions, even if it's used in the same active app. Regarding security, managed components are awarded varying degrees of trust, depending on a number of factors that include their origin (such as the Internet, enterprise network, or local computer). These features are intrinsic to the managed code that runs on the common language runtime. The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code execution, code safety verification, compilation, and other system services. The following sections describe the main features of. The illustration also shows how managed code operates within a larger architecture. The following illustration shows the relationship of the common language runtime and the class library to your apps and to the overall system. ASP.NET works directly with the runtime to enable ASP.NET apps and XML web services, both of which are discussed later in this article. NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the common language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of managed code, thereby creating a software environment that exploits both managed and unmanaged features.NET Framework not only provides several runtime hosts but also supports the development of third-party runtime hosts.įor example, ASP.NET hosts the runtime to provide a scalable, server-side environment for managed code. The class library is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you use to develop apps ranging from traditional command-line or graphical user interface (GUI) apps to apps based on the latest innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML web services. Code that targets the runtime is known as managed code, while code that doesn't target the runtime is known as unmanaged code. In fact, the concept of code management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. Think of the runtime as an agent that manages code at execution time, providing core services such as memory management, thread management, and remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety and other forms of code accuracy that promote security and robustness. The common language runtime is the foundation of. NET Framework consists of the common language runtime (CLR) and the. NET Framework apps, but for new development, use. NET Framework is serviced monthly with security and reliability bug fixes.NET Framework will continue to be included with Windows, with no plans to remove it.
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